Here is the meaning of the top row of abbreviations: The Nashville standard E9 ten-string, single-neck pedal steel guitar's copedent. The example in the chart below is the one used by Buddy Emmons and, as of 2020, is by far the most popular copedent used by manufacturers to ship new pedal steels guitars to dealers. Educator Mark Van Allen called the modern E9 tuning "logical" and the "perfect vehicle for most modern music". Hall of fame steel players including Buddy Emmons, Jimmy Day, Ralph Mooney and others made contributions that created permanent changes to the instrument. The copedent chart was a way players could communicate with each other and with guitar makers. If a player added an additional string, tuned differently, or changed the order of the strings, it either caught on with others or it did not. During this period, a consensus developed toward standardization of the 10-string pedal steel guitar to support optimal chord and scale patterns across a single fret. The tuning evolved from 1950 to 1970 by incremental refinements by many elite steel guitarists playing on tour. The Nashville E9 tuning for a steel guitar (also called the "E9 Chromatic Tuning") : 7 is the most common tuning used in modern country music.
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